1. Secure Attachment
2. Ambivalent Attachment
3. Avoidant Attachment
4. Disorganized Attachment
Characteristics of Attachment:
Bowlby believed that there are four distinguishing characteristics of attachment:
-Proximity maintenance: The desire to be near the people we are attached to.
-Safe haven: Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat.
-Secure base: The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment.
-Separation distress: Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure.
1a. Secure Attachment Characteristics As Children:
-Separates from parent
-Seeks comfort from parents when frightened
-Greets return of parents with positive emotions
-Prefers parents to strangers
1b. Secure Attachment Characteristics As Adults:
-Have trusting, lasting relationships
-Tend to have good self-esteem
-Share feelings with partners and friends
-Seek out social support
2a. Ambivalent Attachment Characteristics As Children:
-May be wary of strangers
-Become greatly distressed when parents leave
-Do not appear comforted when parents return
2b. Ambivalent Attachment Characteristics As Adults:
-Reluctant to become close to others
-Worry that their partner does not love them
-Become very distraught when relationships end
3a. Avoidant Attachment Characteristics As Children:
-May avoid parents
-Do not seek much contact or comfort from parents
-Show little or no preference for parents over strangers
3b. Avoidant Attachment Characteristics As Adults:
-May have problems with intimacy
-Invest little emotion in social and romantic relationships
-Unwilling or unable to share thoughts or feelings with others
4a. Disorganized Attachment Characteristics At Age 1:
-Show a mixture of avoidant and resistant behavior
-May seem dazed, confused, or apprehensive
4b. Disorganized Attachment Characteristics At Age 6:
-May take on a parental role
-Some children may act as a caregiver toward the parent
Reference:
Very Well Mind
#AttachmentStyles #AttachmentTheory #AvoidantAttachmentStyle #AnxiousAttachmentStyle #FearfulAvoidantAttachment